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George 05.05.2011

TEST


GET AND GIVE AS AS PHRASAL VERB

Listening and Reading Sotiri 28:03:2011

The Department Store

Continued and answering questions on text

Sotiri further listening exercises 25:03;2011

Sotiri, these are a continuation of the first text: Listen and note phrases you don't understand.


Number 1

Number 2

Final Part

The use of the CONDITIONAL TENSE in German 24:03:2011

Subjunctive II (Conditional)

This subjunctive mood is used to make statements that are contrary to fact, instead of factual statements that are made in the indicative mood.  There are two forms of the German subjunctive: Subjunctive II and Subjunctive I.  Subjunctive II or the general subjunctive is used with if...then (wenn... dann) statements and conditional sentences.  Subjunctive I or special subjunctive is a less common mood that is used with indirect discourse.

The present tense of Subjunctive II is derived from the imperfect tense of the indicative.  For weak (regular) verbs, the subjunctive II is identical to the imperfect tense.  For strong (irregular) verbs, the present tense of the subjunctive II takes the past tense stem of the imperfect, adds an umlaut where possible, and adds the following endings:

-e -est -e

-en -et -en

sein			haben			werden
wäre wärest wäre	wären wäret wären		hätte hättest hätte	hätten hättet hätten		würde würdest würde	würden würdet würden

Some exceptions include:

Imperfect	Subjunctive II
brachte dachte durfte konnte mochte sollte wollte mußte hatte wußte	brächte dächte dürfte könnte möchte sollte wollte müßte hätte wüßte

The past tense of Subjunctive II is derived from the past perfect tense of the indicative.  It is composed of a form of the subjunctive of sein or haben and a past participle.

Conditional sentences
These sentences are based on an if... then (wenn... dann) pattern in both English and German.  Dann can be omitted in these sentences also.  Remember that wenn is a subordinating conjunction, and forces the conjugated verb to the end of the clause.

Present Subj. II:  Wenn ich Zeit hätte, (dann) ginge ich ins Kino.  If I had time, (then) I would go to the movies.
Past Subj. II:  Wenn ich Zeit gehabt hätte, dann wäre ich ins Kino gegangen.  If I had had time, (then) I would have gone to the movies.

Wenn clauses may be introduced by a verb, and in this case, wenn disappears and dann may be replaced by so.

Kommt er heute nicht, (so) kommt er morgen.  If he's not coming today, then he'll come tomorrow.

A conditional sentence may begin with the dann clause as well; but dann is never used and the clause uses normal word order.

Wir trinken den Kaffee nicht, wenn er zu heiß ist.  We don't drink coffee if it is too hot.

Forms of würden + an infinitive
Würde and an infinitive translate to would + infinitive and is more common than the one word form in the dann clause.  Wenn clauses tend to avoid the würde construction, except with these eight verbs: helfen, stehen, sterben, werfen, brennen, kennen, nennen, and rennen.  These eight verbs use the würde construction in the wenn clause because the one word forms are archaic.  Moreover, conversational German tends to replace many subjunctive II forms of strong verbs with the würde construction.  However, this construction cannot be used with modal auxiliaries, haben or sein.

Wenn ich Zeit hätte,	dann ginge ich ins Kino. dann würde ich ins Kino gehen.	If I had time, I would go to the movies.
Wenn ich Geld hätte,	dann flöge ich nach Deutschland. dann würde ich nach Deutschland fliegen.	If I had money, I would fly to Germany

Sotiri Lesson 22:03:2011 - Indefinite article

German Indefinite Article
Masculine	ein Mann (a man)
Feminine	eine Frau (the woman)
Neuter	ein Brot (a bread)

Again, that’s not all; the form we went through above is only for the nominative case. Now let’s have a look at all the rest:

German Indefinite Articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter
Nominative case	ein	eine	ein	a, an
Accusative case	einen	eine	ein	a, an
Dative case	einem	einer	einem	to a, to an
Genitive cases	eines	einer	eines	of a, of an

Here are some examples:

Nominative: ein Mann ist hier (a man is here)

Accusative: Ich grüße einen Mann (I greet a man)

Dative: Ich gebe einem Mann ein Buch (I give the book to a man)

Genitive: Ich habe das Buch eines Mannes (I have the book of a man)

Simple reading text Sotiri 22.032011 Lesson

Simple reading and listening